Linux中常用的命令都是哪些单词的缩写?
所有的缩写和全称都是我从网上搜集的,基本上是采取了大多数人支持的说法或者是官方的说法。不过毕竟是简称吗,怎么理解就是仁者见仁、智者见智了。如果能根据自已的想法理解命令的意思,使用起来也会得心应手很多。
说明:大写的字母就是缩写中对应的字母
项目名
Linux — LINUs’ uniX (开个玩笑不是这样的,别当真)
GNU — Gnu is Not Unix
目录名
/boot:顾名思义
/root :同上
/run:同上
/home:同上
/etc:ETCetera
/bin:BINaries
/dev:DEVices
/lib:LIBraries
/mnt:MouNT
/proc:PROCesses
/tmp:TeMPorary
/var:VARiable
/srv:SeRVices
/opt:OPTional
/sbin:Super BINaries or Superuser BINaries
/sys:SYStem
/usr:Unix System Resources or Unix Software Resources or Unix Shared Resources(这个很重要,很多人会认为这个是user)
常用命令
文件及文件夹管理
ls — LiSt
cd — Change Directory
pwd — Print Working Directory
cp — CoPy
mv — MoVe
rm — ReMove
pushd — PUSH to Directory
popd — POP from Directory
mkdir — MaKe DIRectory
rmdir — ReMove DIRectory
cat — CATenate or conCATenate
sed — Stream EDitor
diff — DIFFerence
wc — Word Count
chmod — CHange MODe
chown — CHange OWNer
chgrp — CHange GRouP
awk — Aho Weinberger and Kernighan
gawk — Gnu AWK
mawk — Minimal AWK
grep — General Regular Expression Print
ln — LiNk
tar — TARball
硬件管理
df — Disk Free
du — Disk Usage
dd — Data Description(有说是Convert and Copy, 但是cc被用掉了,就用dd了)
parted — PARTition EDitor
fdisk — Format DISK
lspci — LiSt Peripheral Component Interconnect
lscpu — LiSt Central Process Unit
lsusb — LiSt Universal Serial Bus
lsblk — LiSt BLocK
mdadm — Multiple Disk And Device Manager
lvm
lvm — Logical Volume Manager
pvcreate — Physical Volume CREATE
vgcreate — Volume Group CREATE
lvcreate — Logical Volume CREATE
pvdisplay — Physical Volume DISPLAY
vgdisplay — Volume Group DISPLAY
lvdisplay — Logical Volume DISPLAY
pvresize — Physical Volume RESIZE
vgresize — Volume Group RESIZE
lvresize — Logical Volume RESIZE
pvextend — Physical Volume EXTEND
vgextend — Volume Group EXTEND
lvextend — Logical Volume EXTEND
pvremove — Physical Volume REMOVE
vgremove — Volume Group REMOVE
lvremove — Logical Volume REMOVE
pvs — Physical Volume Status
vgs — Volume Group Status
lvs — Logical Volume Status
软件及软件包管理
man — MANual
apt — Advanced Packaging Tool
dpkg — Debian PacKaGe
yum — Yellow dog Updater, Modified
rpm — RPM Package Manager or Redhat Package Manager
用户及用户组管理
useradd — USER Add
userdel — USER DELete
usermod — USER MODify
users — USER Status
groupadd — GROUP ADD
groupdel — GROUP DELete
groupmod — GROUP MODify
groupmems — GROUP MEMberS
系统管理
depmod — DEPend MODule
lsmod — LiSt MODule
modprobe — MODule PROBE
modinfo — MODule INFOrmation
insmod — INSert MODule
rmmod — ReMove MODule
mkfs — MaKe FileSystem
fsck — File System Consistency Check
ps — Processes Status
su — Substitute User
bash — Bourne Again SHell
dash — Debian Almquist SHell
init — INITialization
ssh — Secure SHell
wine — Wine Is Not an Emulator
exec — EXECute
fstab — FileSystem TABle
passwd — PASSWorD
chpasswd — CHange PASSWorD
pwconv — PassWord CONVert
pwunconv — PassWord UNCONVert
tty — TeleTYpe
sudo — SuperUser DO
grub — GRand Unified Bootloader
tzselect — Time Zone SELECT
sync — SYNChronize
systemd — SYSTEM Daemon (里面有systemctl bootctl journalctl loginctl localectl timedatectl 等等,都是blablabla ConTroL)
编辑器
ed — EDitor
nano — Nano’s ANOther editor
emacs — Editor MACroS(还有很多全称,就不罗列了,这个接受度比较广)
vi — VIsual
vim — Vi Improved
编译器
cc — C Compiler
gcc — Gnu Compiler Collection(作为一个软件集被你下载下来编译安装的时候)
gcc — Gnu C Compiler (作为一个软件被你调用来编译C程序的时候)
g++ — Gnu c++ compiler
gcj — Gnu Compiler for Java
yacc — Yet Another Compiler Compiler
guile — Gnu Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extensions
gas — Gnu Assembler
php — PHP:Hypertext Preprocessor
ld — LoaD
gdb — Gnu DeBug
tcl — Tool Command Line
图形界面
gnome — GNu Object Model Environment
gdm — Gnome Display Manager
gtk — Graphic user interface ToolKit
qt — ………………Toolkit(不说Q了,用Q只是因为在开发者的Emacs中Q特别漂亮…………)
kde — K Desktop Environment
lxde — Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment
xfce — XForms Common Environment
参数(声明:只是通常会使用的参数,并不一定是通用参数,使用时请注意)
-h | –help:help
-v | –version:version(吐槽一下java)
许可证
gnu gpl : Gnu General Public License
gnu lgpl : Gnu General Lesser Public License
gfdl : Gnu Free Documentation License
agpl : Affero General Public License(或简写为Affero gpl)
apsl : Apple Public Source License
bsd : Berkeley Software Distribution license
就到这里吧,有什么遗漏的请评论补充吧
其实我这里写的“全称”不一定百分百正确或符合规范,但能通过这些“全称”来初步理解这些命令的作用才是本文的正确打开方式~
要深入学习一条命令的话,建议大家直接man,这样大家也能总结出一大堆出来~
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